Portuguese Notes Da Janny - Notas

Comparações
Locais
Como Se Diz “It”
Verbos Reflexivos
Superlativo
Opositos
Notas Verbais
Notas Aleatórias
Palavras Que Poderiam Ser Baseadas Em Latim

Comparações

Mais ... do que
More than

Menos ... do que
Less than

Tão ... como
Equal to

Melhor
Better

Pior
Worse

Maior
Bigger

Como Se Diz “It”

Eu – me
Tu – te
Ele – o
Ela – a
Eles – os
Elas – as
Nós – nos
If verb ends in R, S, Z drop R S Z and add L
If verb ends in M, ÃO, ÕE (nasal) and add N
Not names
Exceções:
- tens a → tem-la You have it
- quer o → quere-o Want it

Exemplos:

beber a → bebê-lo to drink it
pôem o na mesa → pôem-no na mesa put it on the table
venderam a → venderam-na they sell it
amar + o → amá-lo to love him/it
dizer + a → dizê-la to say it
fazem + o → fazem-no they do it
irão + os → irão-nos they will take us

Locais

Cá Here	Lá There (listener)
Aqui Here	Aí There (listener)	Ali There (far from both)
Isto	Isso	Aquilo
Este	Esse	Aquele
Esta	Essa	Aquela
Estes	Esses	Aqueles
Estas	Essas	Aquelas

Verbos Reflexivos

When to use reflexive (not attached to verb):

Ainda
Alguém
Cada
Certos
Como
Enquanto
Já
Nada
Não
Nunca
Onde
Porque
Qualquer
Quando
Quase
Que
Quem
Raramente
Se
Só
Também
Tantos
Todos

Superlativo

Add -íssimo/a/os/as to the adjective root
"z" → "c" antes -íssimo

Exemplos:

bonitíssimo/a/os/as
altíssimo/a/os/as
lentíssimo/a/os/as
felicíssimo/a/os/as
amabilíssimo/a/os/as
dificílimo/a/os/as
facílimo/a/os/as
paupérrimo/a/os/as
fortíssimo/a/os/as
rapidíssimo/a/os/as
inteligentíssimo/a/os/as
velhíssimo/a/os/as

Opositos

Adjetivos

Lindo Beautiful	Feio Ugly
Claro Bright	Escuro Dark
Ocupado Busy	Livre Free
Limpo Clean	Sujo Dirty
Seco Dry	Molhado Wet
Adiantado Early	Atrasado Late
Futuro Future	Passado Past
Divertido Fun	Chato Boring
Cheio Full	Vazio Empty
Duro Hard	Mole Soft
Alto High	Baixo Low
Quente Hot	Frio Cold
Simpático Kind	Antipático Unfriendly
Leve Light	Pesado Heavy
Comprido Long	Curto Short
Maldisposto Mean / Grumpy	Bem-disposto Cheerful
Moderno Modern	Antigo Old
Barulhento Noisy	Silencioso Quiet
Ligado On	Desligado Off
Aberto Open	Fechado Closed
Agradável Pleasant	Desagradável Unpleasant
Rico Rich	Pobre Poor
Seguro Safe	Perigoso Dangerous
Magro Skinny	Gordo Fat
Lento Slow	Rápido Fast
Liso Straight	Encaracolado Curly
Forte Strong	Fraco Weak
Apertado Tight	Largo Loose
Verdadeiro True	Falso False
Largo Wide	Estreito Narrow

Preposições

Antes Before	Depois After
Atrás Behind	A frente In front
Dentro In	Fora Out
Perto Near	Longe Far
Cima Top	Fundo Bottom
Cima Up	Baixo Down

Substantivos

Vida Life	Morte Death
Luz Light	Escuridão Darkness
Amor Love	Ódio Hate
Felicidade Happiness	Desgraça Misfortune
Alegria Joy	Tristeza Sadness
Abertura Opening	Encerramento Closing
Paz Peace	Guerra War
Força Strength	Fraqueza Weakness
Verdade Truth	Mentira Lie
Riqueza Wealth	Pobreza Poverty

Verbos

Arrumar To arrange / To tidy	Desarrumar To mess up
Chegar To arrive	Partir To depart
Nascer To be born	Morrer To die
Depositar To deposit	Levantar To withdraw
Fazer To do	Desfazer To undo
Terminar To end	Começar To start
Entrar To enter	Sair To leave
Chumbar To fail	Passar To pass
Engordar To get fat	Emagrecer To lose weight
Subir To go up	Descer To go down
Conhecer To know	Desconhecer To ignore
Aterrar To land	Levantar voo To take off
Deitar-se To lay down	Acordar To wake up
Ir embora To leave	Ir buscar To pick up
Amar To love	Odiar To hate
Casar To marry	Divorciar To divorce
Melhorar To make better	Piorar To worsen
Pôr To place	Levar To take
Empurrar To push	Puxar To pull
Lembrar To remember	Esquecer To forget
Despir-se To take off	Vestir-se To put on
Descalçar To take off (hands or feet)	Calçar To put on (hands or feet)
Ligar To turn on	Desligar To turn off
Acender To turn on (lights, fire)	Apagar To turn off (lights, fire)

Notas Verbais

Present Regular

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-o	-o	-o
tu	-as	-es	-es
ele	-a	-e	-e
nós	-amos	-emos	-imos
eles	-am	-em	-em

Past Regular

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-ei	-i	-i
tu	-aste	-este	-iste
ele	-ou	-eu	-iu
nós	-ámos	-emos	-imos
eles	-aram	-eram	-iram

Future Regular ("will")

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-arei	-erei	-irei
tu	-arás	-erás	-irás
ele	-ará	-erá	-irá
nós	-aremos	-eremos	-iremos
eles	-arão	-erão	-irão

Conditional Regular ("would")

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-aria	-eria	-ira
tu	-arias	-erias	-iras
ele	-aria	-eria	-iria
nós	-arímos	-erímos	-irímos
eles	-ariam	-eriam	-iriam

Ex. teria would have

Imperfect ("used to")

	AR	ER / IR
eu	-ava	-ia
tu	-avas	-ias
ele	-ava	-ia
nós	-ávamos	-íamos
eles	-avam	-iam

Ex. brincava used to play

Personal Infinitive

Trigger words: para, antes de, sem, ao

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-ar	-er	-ir
tu	-ares	-eres	-ires
ele	-ar	-er	-ir
nós	-armos	-ermos	-irmos
eles	-arem	-erem	-irem

Present Subjunctive ("if ...")

For: doubt, desire, emotion, opinion. Trigger words: que, embora, talvez

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-e	-a	-a
tu	-es	-as	-as
ele	-e	-a	-a
nós	-emos	-amos	-amos
eles	-em	-am	-am

Ex. se ela brinque if she plays

Future Subjunctive ("if ...")

For: future conditions, possibilities. Trigger words: quando, se, assim que

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-ar	-er	-ir
tu	-ares	-eres	-ires
ele	-ar	-er	-ir
nós	-armos	-ermos	-irmos
eles	-arem	-erem	-irem

Ex. se ela brincar if she plays

Imperfect Subjunctive ("if ...")

	AR	ER	IR
eu	-asse	-esse	-isse
tu	-asses	-esses	-isses
ele	-asse	-esse	-isse
nós	-ássemos	-êssemos	-íssemos
eles	-assem	-essem	-issem

Ex. se eu brincasse if I played

Imperative (giving commands)

		AR	ER / IR
tu +		-a	-e
tu –	eu -o	-es	-a
você +/-	eu -o	-e	-a
vocês +/-	eu -o	-em	-am

Irregularidades

Present

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Cair To fall	Caio I fall	Cais You fall	Cai He falls	Caímos We fall	Caem They fall
Dar To give	Dou I give	Dás You give	Dá He gives	Damos We give	Dão They give
Dizer To say / To tell	Digo I say	Dizes You say	Diz He says	Dizemos We say	Dizem They say
Estar To be	Estou I am	Estás You are	Está She is	Estamos We are	Estão They are
Fazer To do / To make	Faço I do	Fazes You do	Faz He does	Fazemos We do	Fazem They do
Fugir To escape	Fujo I escape	Foges You escape	Foge She escapes	Fugimos We escape	Fogem They escape
Ir To go	Vou I go	Vais You go	Vai He goes	Vamos We go	Vão They go
Ler To read	Leio I read	Lês You read	Lê She reads	Lemos We read	Leem They read
Odiar To hate	Odeio I hate	Odeias You hate	Odeia She hates	Odiamos We hate	Odeiam They hate
Passear To pass / To stroll	Passeio I pass	Passeias You pass	Passeia He passes	Passeamos We pass	Passeiam They pass
Planear To plan	Planeio I plan	Planeias You plan	Planeia He plans	Planeamos We plan	Planeiam They plan
Pôr To put	Ponho I put	Pões You put	Põe He puts	Pomos We put	Põem They put
Rir To laugh	Rio I laugh	Ris You laugh	Ri He laughs	Rimos We laugh	Riem They laugh
Sair To go out	Saio I go out	Sais You go out	Sai She goes out	Saímos We go out	Saem They go out
Sorrir To smile	Sorrio I smile	Sorris You smile	Sorri He smiles	Sorrimos We smile	Sorriem They smile
Subir To rise / To go up	Subo I rise	Sobes You rise	Sobe He rises	Subimos We rise	Sobem They rise
Ter To have	Tenho I have	Tens You have	Tem He has	Temos We have	Têm They have
Trazer To bring	Trago I bring	Trazes You bring	Traz She brings	Trazemos We bring	Trazem They bring
Ver To see	Vejo I see	Vês You see	Vê He sees	Vemos We see	Veem They see
Vir To come	Venho I come	Vens You come	Vem He comes	Vimos We come	Vêm They come

Past

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Cair To fall	Caí I fell	Caíste You fell	Caiu He fell	Caímos We fell	Caíram They fell
Dar To give	Dei I gave	Deste You gave	Deu He gave	Demos We gave	Deram They gave
Dizer To say / To tell	Disse I said	Disseste You said	Disse She said	Dissemos We said	Disseram They said
Estar To be	Estive I was	Estiveste You were	Esteve She was	Estivemos We were	Estiveram They were
Fazer To do / To make	Fiz I did	Fizeste You did	Fez She did	Fizemos We did	Fizeram They did
Ir To go	Fui I was / I went	Foste You were / You went	Foi She was / She went	Fomos We were / We went	Foram They were / They went
Poder To be able to	Pude I could	Pudeste You could	Pôde He could	Pudemos We could	Puderam They could
Pôr To put	Pus I placed	Puseste You placed	Pôs He placed	Pusemos We placed	Puseram They placed
Querer To want	Quis I wanted	Quiseste You wanted	Quis He wanted	Quisemos We wanted	Quiseram They wanted
Sair To go out	Saí I went out	Saíste You went out	Saiu He went out	Saímos We went out	Saíram They went out
Saber To know	Soube I knew	Soubeste You knew	Soube He knew	Soubemos We knew	Souberam They knew
Ter To have	Tive I had	Tiveste You had	Teve She had	Tivemos We had	Tiveram They had
Trazer To bring	Trouxe I brought	Trouxeste You brought	Trouxe He brought	Trouxemos We brought	Trouxeram They brought
Ver To see	Vi I saw	Viste You saw	Viu He saw	Vimos We saw	Viram They saw
Vir To come	Vim I came	Vieste You came	Veio He came	Viemos We came	Vieram They came

Future ("will")

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Dizer To say / To tell	Diria I would say	Dirias You would say	Diria He would say	Diríamos We would say	Diriam They would say
Fazer To do / To make	Faria I would do	Farias You would do	Faria He would do	Faríamos We would do	Fariam They would do
Trazer To bring	Traria I would bring	Trarias You would bring	Traria He would bring	Traríamos We would bring	Trariam They would bring

Imperfect ("used to")

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Ir To go	Ia I used to go	Ias You used to go	Ia She used to go	Íamos We used to go	Iam They used to go
Ser To be	Era I used to be	Eras You used to be	Era He used to be	Éramos We used to be	Eram They used to be
Pôr To put	Punha I used to put	Punhas You used to put	Punha He used to put	Púnhamos We used to put	Punham They used to put
Ter To have	Tinha I used to have	Tinhas You used to have	Tinha He used to have	Tínhamos We used to have	Tinham They used to have
Vir To come	Vinha I used to come	Vinhas You used to come	Vinha He used to come	Vínhamos We used to come	Vinham They used to come

Present Subjunctive ("if ...")

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Cair To fall	Caia I fall	Caias You fall	Caia She falls	Caiamos We fall	Caiam They fall
Dizer To say	Diga I say	Digas You say	Diga She say	Digamos We say	Digam They say
Estar To be	Esteja I am	Estejas You are	Esteja She is	Estejamos We are	Estejam They are
Ir To go	Vá I go	Vás You go	Vá She goes	Vamos We go	Vão They go
Poder To be able to	Possa I can	Possas You can	Possa She can	Possamos We can	Possam They can
Querer To want	Queira I want	Queiras You want	Queira She wants	Queiramos We want	Queiram They want
Saber To know	Saiba I know	Saibas You know	Saiba She knows	Saibamos We know	Saibam They know
Ser To be	Seja I am	Sejas You are	Seja She is	Sejamos We are	Sejam They are
Ter To have	Tenha I have	Tenhas You have	Tenha She has	Tenhamos We have	Tenham They have
Trazer To bring	Traga I bring	Tragas You bring	Traga She bringS	Tragamos We bring	Tragam They bring
Ver To see	Veja I see	Vejas You see	Veja She sees	Vejamos We see	Vejam They see
Vir To come	Venha I come	Venhas You come	Venha She comes	Venhamos We come	Venham They come

Imperfect Subjunctive ("if ...")

	Eu	Tu	Ela	Nós	Elas
Cair To fall	Caísse I fell	Caísses You fell	Caísse She fell	Caíssemos We fell	Caíssem They fell
Dizer To say	Dissesse I said	Dissesses You said	Dissesse She said	Disséssemos We said	Dissessem They said
Estar To be	Estivesse I was	Estivesses You were	Estivesse She was	Estivéssemos We were	Estivessem They were
Ir To go	Fosse I went	Fosses You went	Fosse She went	Fôssemos We went	Fossem They went
Poder To be able to	Pudesse I could	Pudesses You could	Pudesse She could	Pudéssemos We could	Pudessem They could
Querer To want	Quisesse I wanted	Quisesses You wanted	Quisesse She wanted	Quiséssemos We wanted	Quisessem They wanted
Saber To know	Soubesse I knew	Soubesses You knew	Soubesse She knew	Soubéssemos We knew	Soubessem They knew
Ser To be	Fosse I was	Fosses You were	Fosse She was	Fôssemos We were	Fossem They were
Ter To have	Tivesse I had	Tivesses You had	Tivesse She had	Tivéssemos We had	Tivessem They had
Trazer To bring	Trouxesse I brought	Trouxesses You brought	Trouxesse She brought	Trouxéssemos We brought	Trouxessem They brought
Ver To see	Visse I saw	Visses You saw	Visse She saw	Víssemos We saw	Vissem They saw
Vir To come	Viesse I came	Viesses You came	Viesse She came	Viéssemos We came	Viessem They came

Imperative (giving commands)

	Informal	- Informal	Formal	- Formal	Plural	- Plural
Dar To give	Dá Give	Não dês Don't give	Dê Give	Não dê Don't Give	Deem Give	Não deem Don't give
Estar To be	Está Be	Não estejas Don't be	Esteja Be	Não esteja Don't be	Estejam Be	Não estejam Don't be
Ir To go	Vai Go	Não vás Don't go	Vá Go	Não vá Don't go	Vão Go	Não vão Don't go
Ser To be	Sê Be	Não sejas Don't be	Seja Be	Não seja Don't be	Sejam Be	Não sejam Don't be

Outras

Haver Be	Há There is / There are	Houve There was	Havia There was / There used to be	Haverá There will be
Doer To hurt (thing that is hurting)	Dói (thing) hurt	Doem (things) hurt	Doeu (thing past tense) hurt	Doeram (things past tense) hurt

Irregularidades Só Com Eu

	Eu
Conseguir To be able to	Consigo I can
Descobrir To discover	Descubro I discover
Despir To undress	Dispo I undress
Divertir To have fun	Divirto-me I have fun"
Dormir To sleep	Durmo I sleep
Ficar To stay	Fique I stayed
Ouvir To hear	Ouço I hear
Pedir To ask / To order	Peço I ask / I order
Perder To lose	Perco I lose
Poder To be able to	Posso I can
Preferir To prefer	Prefiro I prefer
Saber To know	Sei I know
Seguir To follow	Sigo I follow
Sentir To feel	Sinto-me I feel
Servir To serve	Sirvo I serve
Vestir To dress	Visto I dress

Regras Irregularidades Present (Eu)

-cer → eu … -ço (conheço, cresço, esqueço, venço)
-ger → eu … -jo (dirijo, fujo, corrijo, exijo)
-guer → eu … -go (sigo, consigo, persigo)
-ir … e … → eu … i … (sinto, minto, prefiro, repito)
-ir … o … → eu … u … (durmo, cubro)

Regras Irregularidades Pretérito Perfeito Simples (Eu)

-car → eu … -quei (busquei, expliquei, pratiquei, toquei, fiquei)
-gar → eu … -guei (apaguei, enreguei, joguei, liguei, paguei)
-çar → eu … -cei (abracei, comecei, dancei, alcaneci, forcei)

Past Participles

	Past Particple
verbos	ter, ser, estar, ficar, haver
-AR	-ado
-ER	-ido
-IR	-ido

Irregularidades

*Always agree on gender and number

Verbo	use with ter/haver	use with ser, estar*
Abrir To Open	aberto
Absorver To absorb	absorvido	absorto
Aceitar To accept	aceitado	aceite
Agradecer To thank	agradecido	grato
Cobrir To cover	coberto
Completar To complete	completado	completo
Dizer To say / To tell	dito
Descobrir To discover	descoberto
Descrever To describe	descrito
Entregar To deliver	entregado	entregue
Enxugar To mop	enxugado	enxuto
Escrever To write	escrito
Fazer To do / To make	feito
Fixar To pin / To fix	fixado	fixo
Ganhar To win / To gain	ganhado	ganho
Gastar To spend	gastado	gasto
Imprimir To print	imprimido	impresso
Inscrever To subscribe	inscrito
Limpar To clean	limpado	limpo
Matar To kill	matado	morto
Pagar To pay	pagado	pago
Pôr To put	posto
Sujar To dirty	sujado	sujo
Ver To see	visto
Vir To come	vindo

Exemplos:

Ela foi vista. She was seen.

Gerund

	Gerund
verbos	ir, by itself
-AR	-ando
-ER	-endo
-IR	-indo

There are no irregular verbs. Pôr is pondo.

Verbos Derivados

Fazer:
- Desfazer To undo
- Liquefazer To liquify
- Satisfazer To satisfy
Dizer:
- Contradizer To contradict
Ter:
- Entreter To entertain
- Conter To hold back / To contain
- Manter To maintain / To keep
- Obter To obtain
- Reter To retain
- Deter To stop / To detain / To deter
Pôr:
- Compor To compose
- Decompor To decompose
- Depor To testify
Ver:
- Antever To foresee
- Prever To predict
- Rever To review
Vir:
- Convir To agree
- Intervir To intervene

Notas Aleatórias

Outras

Dor de cabeça, garganta Head ache, sore throat
Tempo: Faltam ... para... There's ... left until ...
Por Isso, Porque, Por Causa:
- Por Isso That's why/Therefore (consequence)
- Porque Because (cause/reason)
- Por causa The cause of (state the cause)
Deitado/a Laying Down
Estar de pé Standing
Sentado/a Sitting
Agachado/a Squatting
"Nunca" antes do verbo; "sempre" depois do verbo
Disse: "Are you coming? ... Yes, I'm going.", "Can you bring? ... Yes, I can take."
Ando com o carro I'm driving vs Ando de carro I'm traveling by car
Esperar por; Estar á espera de; Entrar em; Sair de; Mudar de
Maldito/a/os/as Damn
Porra Fuck
Tretas Bullshit
Cretino Asshole
Estou a brincar ou Não estou a falar a sério I'm joking
When to use Present Subjunctive: wishes, emotions, doubt/uncertainty, impersonal expressions, conjunctions
When to use Imperfect Subjunctive: past wishes/emotions, unreal/hypothetical situations, reported speech, polite or softened speech, conditionals
Como since (comparative, since Megan was not)
Desde vs Há:
- Desde - use with quando; ex. Desde cinco dias, Desde a semana pasada, Desde anteontem
- Há - use with quanto; ex: Há cinco dias, Há dois anos
To be able to:
- Poder - approval or prohibition; to be allowed to, may, can
- Conseguir - achieve or obtain; to manage to, get, achieve, can
Cujo/a/os/as (depends on object) Whose
Trás needs preposition before it; otherwise atrás
-inho/-inha to indicate small
Cognotatos:
- -age → -agem (usually feminine)
- -tion → -ção (usually feminine)
- -sion → -são (usually feminine)
- -ty → -dade (usually feminine)
Verbos que têm múltiplos significados:
- Ficar - to stay, to become, to be located, to keep, to turn out, to be left with
- Dar - to give, to provide, to get along

Feriados

O Dia de Ano Novo - 1 de janeiro
O Dia de São Valentim - 14 de fevereiro
O Dia Internacional da Mulher - 8 de março
O Dia de São Patrício - 16 de março
O Dia do Travalhador - 1 de maio
O Dia Mundial de Criança - 1 de junho
O Dia Mundial Sem Carro - 22 de setembro
O Dia das Bruxas - 31 de outubro
O Dia de Natal - 25 de dezembro

Nacionalidades

País Country	Gentílico Nationality
Alemanha Germany	Alemão / Alemã
Bélgica Belgium	Belga
Brasil Brazil	Brasileiro / Brasileira
Canadá Canada	Canadense
China China	Chinês / Chinesa
Espanha Spain	Espanhol / Espanhola
Estados Unidos USA	Americano / Americana
França France	Francês / Francesa
Grécia Greece	Grego / Grega
Holanda Netherlands	Holandês / Holandesa
Inglaterra England	Inglês / Inglesa
Itália Italy	Italiano / Italiana
Japão Japan	Japonês / Japonesa
México Mexico	Mexicano / Mexicana
Polônia Poland	Polonês / Polonesa
Portugal Portugal	Português / Portuguesa
Rússia Russia	Russo / Russa
Turquia Turkey	Turco / Turca

Palavras Que Poderiam Ser Baseadas Em Latim

Benevolente
Benevolent / Good

Agitado
Busy (like a city)

Movimentado
Busy

Inundado
Flooded

Prejudicial
Harmful

Irritante
Irritating

Minúsculo
Miniscule

Contra
Against

Recurso
Resource

Afirmação
Statement / Affirmation

Maneira
Way / Manner

Cascata
Waterfall

Agitação
Agitation / Unrest

Fraude
Fraud / Deception

Implorar
To beg

Culpar
To blame

Animar
To chear up / To animate

Combinar
To combine

Compor
To compose

Convencer
To convince

Decompor
To decompose

Desistir
To desist / To give up

Descartar
To discard

Perturbar
To disturb / To perturb

Fugir
To escape

Concentrar
To focus

Aproximar-se
To get close

Engordar
To get fat

Conter
To hold back / To contain

Despachar
To hurry / To speed up / To dispatch

Hidratar
To hydrate / To water

Impedir
To impede / To prevent

Intervir
To intervene

Manter
To maintain / To keep

Reter
To retain

Agitar
To shake

Deter
To stop / To detain / To deter

Tolerar
To tolerate

Negociar
To trade